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A Fundamental Framework for Understanding Network Communication In the realm of networking, where information traverses through a labyrinth of cables and connections, the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model stands as a beacon of clarity. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the late 1970s, the OSI model provides a conceptual framework to comprehend how data flows across a network. Let's embark on a journey to unravel the layers of this fundamental model. Layer 1: The Physical Layer Photo credit by lifewire At the foundation lies the Physical Layer, where bits and bytes manifest as electrical impulses, radio waves, or light pulses. Here, cables, connectors, and network interface cards (NICs) dance to the tune of binary signals, ensuring the raw transmission of data across physical mediums. Layer 2: The Data Link Layer Photo credit by lifewire Ascending from the Physical Layer, we encounter the Data Link Layer, where data takes shape in the ...