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A firewal l is a network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the internet. The primary purpose of a firewall is to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network, while allowing authorized communication to pass through. Firewalls can be implemented in various forms 1. **Network Firewalls:** These are hardware or software-based systems that filter traffic at the network level, typically at the boundary between an internal network and the internet. Network firewalls examine packets of data as they pass through, using predefined rules to determine whether to allow or block them. 2. **Host-Based Firewalls:** These firewalls operate on individual computers or devices and monitor traffic at the operating system or application level. They provide an additional layer of security by controll...