INDIA-HER PAST AND FUTURE

INDIA-HER PAST AND FUTURE

Do thoughts about India fill Nehru's ? Tead the speech to find out his thoughts about India's past, present and future.

SECTION I

To endeavour to understand and describe the India of today would be the task of a brave man. To describe tomorrow's India would verge on rashness. What is India ?
That is a question which has come back again and again and to my mind. The early beginings of our history filled me with wonder. It was the past of a virile and vigorous race with a questioning spirit and an urge for free inquiry, and even in its earliest known period giving evidence of a mature and tolerant civilization. Accepting life and its joys and burdens, it was ever searching for the ultimate and the universal.

Gradually deterioration set in. Thought lost its freshness and became stale and the vitality and exuberance of youth gave place ot crabbed age. Instead of spirit of adventure there came lifeless routine and the broad and exciting vision of the world was cabinet and confined and lost in caste divisions, narrow social customs and ceremonials. Even so, India was vital enough to absorb the mass of people that flowed into her mighty ocean of humanity and she never quite forgot the thoughts that had stirred in the days of her youthful vigour.

Subsequently, India was powerfully influenced by the coming of Islam and Muslim invasions. Western colonial powes followed, bringing a new type of domination and a new lolonialism and, at the same time, the impact of fresh ideas and the industrial civilization that was growing up in Europe. This period culminated after a long struggle, in independence and now we face the future with all this burden of the past upon us and the Corifused dreams and stirrings of the future that we sent to build.

SECTION II

today, we are confused. Should we follow the lead given by thge West and forget our past ? Or, should we try to revive the past glory of India ? Gandhi showed us the right path, says Nehru.

In the tumult and confusion of our time, we stand facing both ways, forward to the future and back wards to the past, being pulled in both directions. How can we resolve this conflict and evolve a structure for living which fulfils our material needs varied and adopted the new world, can we place before our people, and how can we galvanize the people into wakefulness and action ?

Change is essential but continuity is also necessary. The future has to be built on the foundations laid in the past and in the present. To dany the past and break with it completely is to uproot ourselves and sapless, dry up. It was the virtue fo Gandhiji to keep his feet fimly planted in the rich traditions of our race and our soil and, at the same time, to function on the revolutionary plane. Above all, he laid stress on truth and peaceful means. Thus he built on old foundations, and at the same time, oriented the structure and towards the future.

Living is a continual adjustment to changing conditions. The rapigity of technological change in the last half-century has made the necessity of social change greater than ever, and there is a continual maladjustment. The advance fo science and technology makes it definitely possible to solve most of the economic problems of the world and, in particularly in, to provide th primary necessities of of life to everyone all over the world. The methods adopted will have to depend upon the back ground and cultural development of a country or a community.

SECTION III

Nehru is both pleased and disappointed with modern India. What pleases him and what are his fears ? Let us find our.

India today presents a very mixed picture of hope and anguish of remarkable advances and at the same time of inertia, of a new spirit and also the dead hand of the past and of privileges; of an overall and growing unity and many disruptive tendencies,. Withal there is a grat vitality and ferment in people's minds and activities.

It is a remarkable thing that a country and a people rooted in this remote pst, who have shown so much resistance to change in the past, should now be marching forward rapidly and with resolute steps.

What will emerge from the labour and the tumults of the present generation ? I cannot say what tomorrow's India will be like, I can only express my hope and wishes. I want India to advance on the material plane - to fulfil her Five Year Plans to raise the standard of living of her vast population: I want the narrow conficts of today in the name of religion or caste, language or province to cease, and a classless and casteless society to be full-time up where every individual has full opportunity to grow according to his worth and ability. In particular. I hope that the curse of caste will be ended for there is neither democracy nor socialism on the basts of caste.

-A speech by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

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